LLDPE’s grown with Metallocene and Ziegler–Natta catalysts: events in the melt and FTIR analysis

Autor: Z. Ferhat-Hamida, A. Haine, G. Delmas, Paul Bernazzani, H. Phuong-Nguyen
Rok vydání: 2007
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Materials Science. 42:3138-3154
ISSN: 1573-4803
0022-2461
Popis: LLDPE samples synthesized with Ziegler–Natta (ZN) and Metallocene (MT) catalysts have been analyzed to investigate a potential catalyst-dependent morphology and to find an explanation for the difficult processing of MT. Slow calorimetry at v = 0.02 K/min and IR at RT and in the melt are used. The differences between MT and ZN are assigned to their different composition, MT not having the linear segments, which are present in ZN. Slow calorimetry is effectively a drawing process of the melt with chain orientation followed by decay. The later event, characterized by an endotherm, ΔH network, occurs at higher temperatures for MT, the presence of a regular distribution of methyl groups slowing down the process. The rocking, gauche, bending and stretching regions of the IR spectra are analyzed. The nascent MT has more strained bands in the rocking region. The wagging region reveals the more homogeneous environment of MT through the maximum absorbance at 1,368 cm−1. Decomposition of bands is made for the rocking and wagging regions. The orthorhombic crystallinity, αc (FTIR), measures the sum of long- and short-range orthorhombic order, the latter being obtained by αc (FTIR)-αc (X-rays). The values of αc (FTIR) for MT and ZN are very similar in conditions of equilibrium. The justifications for the molecular origin of ΔH network are presented: (i) the slow relaxation of long chains strained and oriented in the melt measured by other techniques, (ii) The correlation, for gels of a linear sample, made in different solvents, between the maximum drawability, λmax, and ΔH network in a slow T-ramp. The range is 80–270 for λmax and 40–120 J/g for ΔH network. (iii) The comparison of two traces of the same sample, between 140 °C and 270 °C, show that comparable events in the melt appear in the integrated absorbance and in the slow calorimetry signal. Analysis on thin films of the little-studied CH2 stretching region reveals that their extinction coefficient, e, and the shape of the bands are highly sensitive to the sample history, e diminishing by a large factor in slowly crystallized samples. Events in the slow T-ramp, followed by a fast crystallization, on the other hand, leads to materials with standard characteristics. Slow calorimetry traces display more events (endothermic and exothermic) for MT than for ZN, a finding consistent with more flow irregularities during processing. Equilibrium conditions and better processing could be reached for MT by extending time in the melt or using higher temperatures.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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