The Black-White Gap in Noncognitive Skills among Elementary School Children
| Autor: | Todd E. Elder, Yuqing Zhou |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 13:105-132 |
| ISSN: | 1945-7790 1945-7782 |
| DOI: | 10.1257/app.20180732 |
| Popis: | Using two nationally representative datasets, we find large differences between Black and White children in teacher-reported measures of noncognitive skills. We show that teacher reports understate true Black-White skill gaps because of reference bias: teachers appear to rate children relative to others in the same school, and Black students have lower-skilled classmates on average than do White students. We pursue three approaches to addressing these reference biases. Each approach nearly doubles the estimated Black-White gaps in noncognitive skills, to roughly 0.9 standard deviations in third grade. (JEL I21, I26, J13, J15, J24) |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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