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The mitochondria are a multifaceted organelle, central to the function of all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria are critical to cell metabolism and critical for regulation of intrinsic cell death pathways. This balance between life and death is reliant on the process of mitochondrial fission and fusion, constantly joining and separating to maintain the mitochondrial network within the cell and to facilitate cellular events such as mitosis, biogenesis and maintenance of mitochondrial integrity via mitophagy. The dynamic fluctuations in the architecture of these organelles is garnering increased attention across a broad range of disciplines and diseases. Such diseases include genetic disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A and autosomal-dominant optic atrophy, as well as pathologies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as chronic neurodegeneration such as Parkinson disease, type 2 diabetes and various forms of chronic and acute kidney injury. Key Concepts Mitochondria undergo constant fission and fusion to maintain function and biogenesis. Impairment of mitochondrial dynamics can result in reduced oxidative phosphorylation and cell death. Impairment of mitochondrial dynamics is associated with diseases involving cells abundant in mitochondria. Mitochondrial fusion is associated with energy production. Mitochondrial fragmentation is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and turnover by mitophagy. Keywords: mitochondria; fission; fusion; kidney disease; neurodegeneration; cardiovascular disease; cancer |
