| Popis: |
Russian dairy cattle breeding, developing in line with global trends, is based on the breeding of highly productive livestock, including the use of biotechnology for the transfer of embryos obtained from genetically valuable heifers and donor cows. From 2014 to 2020, Russian agricultural enterprises produced more than 90 thousand in vivo and in vitro cattle embryos with variations of the growth of their annual number in the range from 195 to 26762 pcs. (embryos in vitro), from 2746 to 14098 pcs. (embryos in vivo). Since keeping animals that do not have high productivity is economically unprofitable, it is necessary to exclude unproductive individuals from production. As a result, it is important to predict the highest milk production (proteins, fat, milk yield) of pre-implantation embryos obtained in veterinary practice for the purposes of embryo transfer, as well as in calves in the first weeks of their life after birth in high-yielding cows. There is a growing interest in the use of genetic markers to predict heritable traits of milk production. Against the backdrop of the rapid development of molecular genetic technologies, aimed at a deeper study of mammalian genes, new types of data are being discovered, in particular, data on functional gene mutations mediated by the mechanism of alternative splicing. Currently, a new direction of research of cattle has been outlined to study functional mutations (alternative splicing defects) that favorably or adversely affect phenotypes, including the milk production of cattle. The purpose of this study was to expand knowledge about the predictive value of molecular markers developed based on information about functional mutations in the milk production predictor genes GHR (growth receptor gene), LEPR (leptin receptor gene) and PRLR (prolactin receptor gene). These potentially important markers are shown to be promising for use in breeding aimed at increasing the productivity of dairy cattle. |
