Structure–Function Relationships in the Phenolation of Lignins from Different Sources
| Autor: | Jacob Podschun, Alexander Stücker, Bodo Saake, Ralph Lehnen |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Softwood
Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment General Chemical Engineering fungi Organosolv technology industry and agriculture food and beverages macromolecular substances General Chemistry complex mixtures chemistry.chemical_compound Hydrolysis chemistry Sulfite Hardwood Environmental Chemistry Phenol Organic chemistry Lignin Kraft paper |
| Zdroj: | ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 3:2526-2532 |
| ISSN: | 2168-0485 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00705 |
| Popis: | In recent years, significant amounts of various lignins became commercially available. Their technical utilization for thermosets such as phenol formaldehyde resins is widely discussed as an added value. However, the comparably low number of reactive sites is still limiting utilization in higher proportions. To overcome this obstacle, lignins can be activated by phenolation prior to resin synthesis. In this study, the applicability and outcome of phenolation was studied for a set of organosolv lignins from hardwood, softwood, and annual plants and was compared to their counterparts from commercial processes, i.e., kraft, sulfite, soda, and hydrolysis lignin. Thus, structural properties of various raw lignins could be linked to the increase of reactive sites upon phenolation. Large differences were found and could mainly be attributed to the number of aliphatic hydroxyl groups in the raw lignins. Highest activation was achieved for hardwood organosolv and softwood sulfite lignins. With ion-exchanged sulfit... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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