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Simulation-based training has been shown to be a very effective means of imparting robotic surgery skills necessary prior to engaging in clinical work. These simulators take anatomically appropriate animal tissue, preserve it for extending periods of time in a preserving solution at 4 °centigrade, reanimate it to act like live tissue, and place it in humanoid mannequins. These simulators (KindHeart Inc.) provide an experience that is complimentary to computerized virtual reality simulation by giving the surgeon an animal tissue experience without the need for live animals and providing a more comfortable bridge to clinical work. Real tissue simulators now exist for basic skills, abdominal wall and inguinal hernias, colon resection, thoracic surgery, cardiac surgery, bariatric surgery, foregut anti-reflux surgery, and pelvic surgery. Full robotic surgery training curricula continue to be developed and provide for training not only in traditional robotic procedures but new robotic procedures and the proper handling of adverse events should they occur. |
