High-energy conversion efficiency of drum kiln with heat distribution pipe for charcoal and biochar production
Autor: | Sirisak Suebsiri, Supin Sangsuk, Chatchai Buathong |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
Renewable Energy
Sustainability and the Environment Carbonization Kiln Geography Planning and Development 0211 other engineering and technologies 02 engineering and technology Drum 010501 environmental sciences Management Monitoring Policy and Law Corncob Pulp and paper industry 01 natural sciences visual_art Biochar visual_art.visual_art_medium Environmental science Heat of combustion 021108 energy Charcoal Water content 0105 earth and related environmental sciences |
Zdroj: | Energy for Sustainable Development. 59:1-7 |
ISSN: | 0973-0826 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.esd.2020.08.008 |
Popis: | Drum kiln with heat distribution pipe is a new design for vertical drum kiln. It is a small kiln for charcoal, biochar and wood vinegar production. It consists of a 200 l oil drum covered with fiberglass and galvanized steel as an insulator. The heat distribution pipe with slots is installed in the middle part of the kiln. There are four exhaust chimneys for smoke ventilation and wood vinegar collection. The chimneys are covered with condensers for wood vinegar condensation. Two types of biomass for this experiment were tamarind wood and corncob. For tamarind wood, the drum kiln loaded about 40 kg of wood with moisture content of 20–24% using 10–19 kg of firewood. It took about 3.5–5 h to reach maximum temperature (300-430 °C), and cooled down within 3–5 h. In sum, therefore, it took about 8 h for the complete tamarind wood charcoal process. The products were 11–12 kg of tamarind wood charcoal and 12–13 kg of wood vinegar. There was no incompletely carbonized wood and ash. Properties of tamarind wood charcoal were tested following ASTM D7582–15 and ASTM D5865–10. Tamarind wood charcoal showed 5% moisture content, 20–21% volatile matters, 68.7–69.8% fixed carbon, 3.8–5.6% of ash and 30–31 MJ kg−1 heat value. The energy conversion efficiency of the drum kilns with heat distribution pipe was about 40–48%. For biochar production, the drum kiln contained about 20 kg of corncob with moisture content of 21–22%. The process used about 6 kg of firewood. It took about 2.5 h for heating up to 300 °C, and it cooled down within 2.5 h. The products consisted of 5 kg of corncob biochar and 9.4 kg of corncob vinegar. The SEM micrograph presented porous structure of the corncob biochar. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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