| Popis: |
The article analyzes the construction of wheeled roads in Balkarian societies in the second half of the 19th century, based on the attracted archival material, which were extremely necessary for the residents of high-mountainous villages and the Russian administration. The construction of roads required colossal efforts of all residents of Balkaria, support of the district and regional authorities – gunpowder, sappers, engineering solutions. The material on the financial, material and labor costs of the entire population of Balkar societies is generalized, which gave reason to call them folk. The roads connected the highlanders with the flat part of the Kabardian district, helped to draw them into the system of commodity-money and socio-cultural relations of the Russian Empire. The facts indicate that the inhabitants of Balkar societies have certain financial savings spent on vital communication routes for them, which created the best conditions for the annual transportation of livestock to the plane – in spring and autumn, the delivery of bread, household goods, products of factories and plants, and the sale of manufactured products. The constructed roads contributed to the transformation of the traditional organization of work and life, ensuring the penetration of new social relations into the environment of Balkar society. |
