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Objective: The first Spanish patch-test study of patients with contact dermatitis was performed in 1977. We aimed to determine the prevalence of hypersensitivity for Spanish standard allergens in patients suspected of contact dermatitis in 2001. Methods: A total of 3832 patients of 13 dermatological centers were patch-tested with Spanish standard series. Age, gender, occupation, dermatitis site and type, and positive patch test were tabulated. Results: 2300 female and 1532 male patients, aged 0 to 70 years were observed with contact dermatitis. Origin of eczema was occupational in 16.66% of patients. Eczema was located on hands in 54.34% of cases. Allergic contact dermatitis in 31.02% and irritative contact dermatitis in 15.88% were the most frequent diagnosis. Positive patch tests was observed in 55.11% of patients. Prevalence of positives reaction was obtained with nickel (26.64%), cobalt (9.89%), chrome (8.66%), PPDA (5.27%), thimerosal (5.21%), fragance mix (5.03%), Kathon CG (4.04%) and thiuram mix (2.87%). Conclusions: The results emphasize that nickel, cobalt, chrome are by far the most common allergens. A increase in the frequency of allergic patch test reactions to nickel has been noted (18,78 in 1977; 26,64 in 2001). However the contact sensitivity to cobalt, chrome and thiuram mix has decreased. Currently, allergy to cosmetics constitutes a significant portion of the cases of contact dermatitis. |
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