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Background: There is lack of consensus in the lay literature to support consumption of table sugar as a preferred sweetener when compared to high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Aims: The purpose of this study was to search the literature for evidence to determine the health effects of consumption of table sugar (sucrose) and HFCS on blood glucose, lipid levels, obesity, and appetite as well as to make recommendations for patient and family teaching of those at risk for developing negative health outcomes, including coronary heart disease. Methods: Nursing and health-related databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, and Health and Wellness were searched for research articles, which were compared and evaluated for purpose, sample size, procedure, findings, and level of evidence. Findings: Five studies that met inclusion criteria were evaluated. No difference was found in changes in blood glucose levels, lipid levels, or appetite between table sugar consumption and HFCS consumption. When only fructose was consumed, lipid levels were significantly increased. Linking Evidence to Action: The evidence suggests that fructose, found in both table sugar and HFCS, has a negative effect on health outcomes. Clinicians should teach patients and families that all sugar consumption should be closely monitored and kept below the 40 g/day recommended by the World Health Organization. BACKGROUND As concern about the ever-increasing incidence of obesity and development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to escalate, the role of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as a food additive and sweetener has been examined more carefully. Popular lay literature ascribes many ill effects of HFCS consumption, but with little cited research to support these claims. When nurses and other clinicians teach patients and families about health dietary choices, they commonly provide information about saturated and unsaturated fats, fiber, caloric consumption, and salt. Sugar may be discussed within the context of diabetes mellitus education, but HFCS is rarely mentioned, often because of an assumption that HFCS is a fructose product that does not have the same effects on metabolism as table sugar. |
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