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Rational management of macular diseases should be based on a clear understanding of the contributing pathophysiological mechanisms. The treatment of macular diseases has progressed dramatically over the past few decades, as clinical and experimental studies have led to an enhanced understanding of disease pathogenesis as well as to the development of new surgical approaches and pharmacologic therapies. The treatment options continue to expand; however, the long-term efficacy and safety of many newly developed approaches have yet to be established. We should bear in mind that any intervention may have benefits, but also potentially harmful consequences, in both the short and the long term. In addition, combined treatments including pharmacologic agents, laser treatment, and surgical approaches are often used in clinical management. How to achieve optimum therapeutic benefits and avoid harmful consequences is an important and critical question we should always consider before treating each patient. |
