| Popis: |
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the result of the loss of the ability of chondrocytes to maintain and restore articular cartilage. OA can be classified as primary (due to routine wear on the joint) or secondary (due to a specific etiology, i.e., posttraumatic, hemochromatosis, septic arthritis, etc.). Risk factors include modifiable (e.g., obesity, trauma, etc.) and non-modifiable (e.g., age, gender, genetics, etc.) factors. OA leads to classic changes within the joint including loss of articular cartilage, joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, formation of subchondral cysts, and osteophyte formation. Nonsurgical and nonpharmacologic treatment includes exercise, weight loss, and bracing. Pharmacologic treatment includes oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and intra-articular injection of corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid, and plasma-rich protein. Surgical management includes arthroscopy, osteotomy, arthrodesis, and arthroplasty. |
