Nautical Depth for U.S. Navigable Waterways: A Review
| Autor: | S. H. Hodge, P. Turnipseed, N. Greiser, R. Kirby, D. McGowan, T. L. Welp, William H. McAnally, Parmeshwar L. Shrestha |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Engineering
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences 010505 oceanography business.industry Ocean Engineering Material volume 01 natural sciences Dredging Echo sounding Field experience Bathymetry business Transit (satellite) 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology Civil and Structural Engineering Communication channel Marine engineering |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering. 142 |
| ISSN: | 1943-5460 0733-950X |
| Popis: | The present state of navigation engineering knowledge concerning nautical depth in ports and waterways with fluid mud is summarized to examine the potential for successful application of the nautical depth concept in U.S. navigable waterways. Nautical depth defines a safe and effective channel bottom criterion in areas where fluid mud confounds conventional acoustic (echo sounder) surveying methods. Fluid mud is a high-concentration suspension that typically behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid. It occurs in ports and channels on all U.S. coastlines and accounts for a significant portion of the United States’ $1 billion dredging expense. Nautical depth has been adopted in multiple ports on three continents. Where nautical depth application is appropriate, it often reduces dredging frequency and dredged material volume and can provide water quality benefits. Multiple experiments and field experience have shown that vessels can safely transit areas with fluid mud below the keel. The United States’ adopt... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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