Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoprotein in Relation to Oxidative Stress and Human Immunodeficiency Virus
| Autor: | Vasiliki D. Papakonstantinou, Theodoros Kelesidis |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
business.industry
Inflammation Disease Systemic inflammation medicine.disease_cause Virology Proinflammatory cytokine Pathogenesis chemistry.chemical_compound High-density lipoprotein chemistry Immunology medicine lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) medicine.symptom business Oxidative stress Lipoprotein |
| Popis: | HIV-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a main cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected persons, despite potent antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the mechanisms of HIV-related CVD are unclear. Chronic HIV infection is a state of oxidative stress driven by several mediators including HIV per se, bacterial translocation, ART, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. Oxidative stress contributes to oxidation of lipoproteins. These oxidized lipoproteins carry oxidized lipids that have pleotropic proinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein is the main oxidized lipoprotein that has been implicated in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, in states of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress (such as chronic HIV infection), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) also gets oxidized and loses its antiinflammatory and antioxidant function. This oxidized HDL (ox-HDL) becomes proinflammatory, prooxidant, and dysfunctional and can also promote atherogenesis. However, the role of ox-HDL in chronic HIV infection remains poorly understood. This chapter summarizes available scientific evidence regarding the role of ox-HDL in HIV immunopathogenesis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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