| Popis: |
Background: Since Space Tourism is closer to reality, a review of the most prevalent neurological pathologies in microgravity is needed. Objective: Review major neurological afflictions in astronauts. Methods: Research into bibliographic reviews at PubMed, using the descriptors “astronauts” and “neurological disorders” Results: Several neurological alterations, such as ataxy, intracranial hypertension (ICH), neuromuscular disorders, ocular disturbances and changes in cognitive functions were assigned to a microgravity environment. Astronauts returning from space presented ICH; being the main pathophysiology hypothesis referred to a change in the liquor dynamics as a result of venous drainage obstruction and hematoencephalic barrier. Also, gravity doesn’t act on the neurovestibular system during space flights. This phenomenon can lead to Space Motion Sickness, situation in which astronauts report balance, coordination and sight disturbances, as well as movement illusions. A subset of this syndrome, called Space Movement Disorder, may occur; which includes symptoms, such as flushing, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and malaise. Based on electromagnetic resonance, the occurrence of problems with movement time, balance, spatial working memory and motor coordination after the return of the space crew suggests alterations in cerebellum’s function and structure, which is responsible for the coordination and the fine motor control. Conclusion: Most studies presented disruptions of the neurofunctional homeostasis, for instance, changes in functional connectivity while in rest and alterations of the white and grey matter in sensor motor, somatosensory and cognitive regions of the brain. |
