Evolution of Carbon Clusters in the Detonation Products of the Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB)-Based Explosive PBX 9502
| Autor: | Dana M. Dattelbaum, Thomas Gog, Michael Bagge-Hansen, Millicent A. Firestone, Ralph Hodgin, Kirill A. Velizhanin, Trevor M. Willey, Nicholas Sinclair, David W. Podlesak, Bryan Ringstrand, Lisa Lauderbach, Richard L. Gustavsen, Tariq D. Aslam, Tony van Buuren, Erik B. Watkins, Paulo Rigg, Soenke Seifert, Rachel C. Huber |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
010304 chemical physics Explosive material Scattering Detonation chemistry.chemical_element Nanotechnology 02 engineering and technology 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences Surfaces Coatings and Films Electronic Optical and Magnetic Materials chemistry.chemical_compound General Energy chemistry Chemical physics TATB 0103 physical sciences Cluster (physics) Radius of gyration Particle Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 0210 nano-technology Carbon |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 121:23129-23140 |
| ISSN: | 1932-7455 1932-7447 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b05637 |
| Popis: | The detonation of carbon-rich high explosives yields solid carbon as a major constituent of the product mixture, and depending on the thermodynamic conditions behind the shock front, a variety of carbon allotropes and morphologies may form and evolve. We applied time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (TR-SAXS) to investigate the dynamics of carbon clustering during detonation of PBX 9502, an explosive composed of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and 5 wt % fluoropolymer binder. Solid carbon formation was probed from 0.1 to 2.0 μs behind the detonation front and revealed rapid carbon cluster growth which reached a maximum after ∼200 ns. The late-time carbon clusters had a radius of gyration of 3.3 nm which is consistent with 8.4 nm diameter spherical particles and matched particle sizes of recovered products. Simulations using a clustering kinetics model were found to be in good agreement with the experimental measurements of cluster growth when invoking a freeze-out temperature, and tempora... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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