Reducing negative impact of the building on the environment based on LCA
| Jazyk: | ruština |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: | |
| DOI: | 10.18720/spbpu/3/2021/vr/vr21-3934 |
| Popis: | РабоÑа поÑвÑÑена ÑазÑабоÑке меÑодики ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð°Ñивного воздейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑоиÑелÑнÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑеÑиалов Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° оÑнове пÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñенки жизненного Ñикла пÑоекÑа. ÐадаÑи, коÑоÑÑе ÑеÑалиÑÑ Ð² Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ иÑÑледованиÑ: 1. РазÑабоÑаÑÑ 3D Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ ÑекÑии жилого дома; 2. ÐÑÑледоваÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑеÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ зданиÑ; 3. ÐодобÑаÑÑ Ð°Ð»ÑÑеÑнаÑивнÑе маÑеÑиалÑ, обладаÑÑие Ñакими же ÑеплоизолиÑÑÑÑими, пÑоÑноÑÑнÑми, моÑозоÑÑойкими, огнеÑÑойкими ÑвойÑÑвами, ÑÑо и маÑеÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ зданиÑ; 4. ÐÑÑледование Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð°Ð»ÑÑеÑнаÑивнÑми маÑеÑиалами; 5. СÑавнение ÑезÑлÑÑаÑов двÑÑ Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ñ Ð¸ÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñми и алÑÑеÑнаÑивнÑми маÑеÑиалами; 6. ÐкономиÑеÑкое ÑÑавнение показаÑелей ÑÑоимоÑÑи маÑеÑиалов до и поÑле заменÑ. ÐеÑодика ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð°Ñивного воздейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑоиÑелÑнÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑеÑиалов Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ñла пÑоведена на оÑновании оÑенки жизненного Ñикла Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ показаÑелей воздейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ LCA. ÐÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñе даннÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑаÑÑÑÑа в облаке бÑли ÑкÑпоÑÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¸Ð· 3D модели ÑекÑии жилого дома. ÐÑоведен анализ иÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÑоиÑелÑнÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑеÑиалов, вÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑамÑе негаÑивно воздейÑÑвÑÑÑие на окÑÑжаÑÑÑÑ ÑÑедÑ, вÑÐ²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¸ пÑоанализиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð³Ñамма воздейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ ÑглеÑода на ÑазлиÑнÑÑ ÑÑÐ°Ð¿Ð°Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ñикла и spidergram. ÐÑоведена оÑенка жизненного Ñикла, найдена ÑоÑиалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÑоимоÑÑÑ, поÑенÑиал глобалÑного поÑеплениÑ, поÑенÑиал подкиÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñв, поÑенÑиал ÑвÑÑоÑикаÑии, поÑенÑиал обÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ÑеÑкого озона, поÑенÑиал ÑазÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ»Ð¾Ñ Ð¸ поÑенÑиал иÑÑоÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ возобновлÑемÑÑ ÑнеÑгеÑиÑеÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑеÑÑÑÑов. ÐеÑодом ÑÑавниÑелÑного анализа ÑазлиÑнÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑеÑиалов двÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑиÑнÑÑ Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ вÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑобенноÑÑи подбоÑа алÑÑеÑнаÑивнÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑеÑиалов Ñ Ð¼Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑнÑм негаÑивнÑм воздейÑÑвием, Ñоздана ÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑа низкоÑглеÑодного зданиÑ. ÐÑедÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑ ÑокÑаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð°Ñивного воздейÑÑвиÑ, ÑоÑиалÑной ÑÑоимоÑÑи ÑглеÑода и повÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°ÑегоÑии Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑглеÑоднÑм вÑбÑоÑам. Так же бÑло Ñделано ÑкономиÑеÑкое ÑÑавнение показаÑелей ÑÑоимоÑÑи маÑеÑиалов до и поÑле заменÑ. ÐолÑÑинÑÑво алÑÑеÑнаÑивнÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑеÑиалов имеÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑоимоÑÑÑ, Ñем иÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñе. ÐÑо важно, Ð²ÐµÐ´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð°Ñивного воздейÑÑвиÑ, ÑнижаеÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÐ´Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑоекÑа. The work is devoted reducing the negative impact of building materials based on the assessment of the life cycle of the project. The research set the following goals: 1. Develop a 3D model section of a residential building; 2. Research the materials of the original building; 3. Select alternative materials with the same heat-insulating, strength, frost-resistant, fire-resistant properties as the materials of the original building; 4. Research of the building with alternative materials; 5. The results of the two buildings with original and alternative materials comparison; 6. Economic comparison of indicators of the cost of materials before and after replacement. The paper considers main methods of life cycle assessment, LCA impact indicators. As the initial data, a 3D model of a section of a residential building was created and the main parameters for measuring indicators were set. The analysis of the initial building materials was carried out, the most negatively affecting the environment were identified. Attention is paid to life cycle assessment, the cost of the carbon footprint and other environmental impacts. Low negative impacts materials were identified by comparison of two identical buildings with different materials. The structure of a low-carbon building was created. The results of the reduction of harmful substances, social cost of carbon and building category improvement are considered. An economic comparison of the cost indicators before and after replacement was done. Most of the alternative materials are less expensive than the original ones. This is important, because the project budget is reduced in addition to reducing the negative impact. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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