| Autor: |
Markus Brandstötter, M. Mattauch, Irute Meskiene, C. de Blank, László Bögre, Ton Bisseling, Heribert Hirt, Karin Zwerger, Wei-Cai Yang |
| Rok vydání: |
1997 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Biological Fixation of Nitrogen for Ecology and Sustainable Agriculture ISBN: 9783642638558 |
| DOI: |
10.1007/978-3-642-59112-9_13 |
| Popis: |
Cell proliferation in all eukaryotes requires the accurate coordination of the timing and the order of cell cycle events. Consequently, a number of biochemical pathways, called checkpoints [11], have evolved to ensure that the initiation of particular programmes is dependent upon the successful completion of others thereby coordinating cell cycle transitions. In mammalian cells the cell cycle transitions are controlled by extracellular and intracellular signals that may act in a positive or negative way. The signals are transmitted via networks of signalling pathways that ultimately change the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Cdks are a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that regulate individual cell cycle transitions. Cdks require association with cyclins for activation, and the timing of activation is largely dependent upon cyclin expression [12]. Whereas in multicellular organisms, different members of the Cdk family act in different stages of the cell cycle [8], in unicellular eukaryotes, a single Cdk fulfills these functions [12]. The mechanisms of regulating Cdk activity consist of positive elements such as cyclin abundance, phosphorylation by kinases and dephosphorylation by phosphatases, and negative elements such as inhibitory phosphorylation by kinases [3] and abundance of Cdk inhibitors [4]. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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