Resonantly Enhanced Nonlinearity in Doped Fibers for Low-Power All-Optical Switching: A Review
| Autor: | Richard H. Pantell, Michel J. F. Digonnet, Robert W. Sadowski, Herbert J. Shaw |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1997 |
| Předmět: |
Kerr effect
Materials science Dopant business.industry Doping Nanosecond Grating Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics Electronic Optical and Magnetic Materials Optics Control and Systems Engineering Picosecond Optoelectronics Fiber Electrical and Electronic Engineering business Instrumentation Phase modulation |
| Zdroj: | Optical Fiber Technology. 3:44-64 |
| ISSN: | 1068-5200 |
| DOI: | 10.1006/ofte.1997.0189 |
| Popis: | This paper reviews the state of research in resonantly enhanced nonlinearities in fibers doped with an absorber, of interest for low-power all-optical switching. A mathematical model is first presented which shows that this type of nonlinearity can be up to nearly a billion times stronger than the intrinsic Kerr effect of silica. In principle, it can induce a phase modulation of π in the infrared in a subnanometer length of fiber with just a few milliwatts of pump power, with a response time in the nanosecond range. Much shorter response times (picosecond or less) are also possible at the expense of a concomitantly higher switching peak power, although the switching energy remains the same, in the 10-pJ range. The experimental investigations conducted so far with rare earths (Er 3+ , Nd 3+ , Yb 3+ , and Sm 3+ ), color centers (POHC), and transition metal ions (vanadium) are reviewed. They show that a wide range of performance is possible, from 50-μW switching power and 10-ms response (in Er 3+ grating) to 6-W switching peak power and a response under 25 ns (with POHC). With some of the dopants tested to date, it is readily possible to fabricate fiber switches only 1 cm in length, with a switching power of 15 mW and a 2- to 5-μs response time. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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