Pleasure and Aversion: Challenging the Conventional Dichotomy

Autor:	George Ainslie
Rok vydání:	2009
Předmět:	Dichotomy Health Policy media_common.quotation_subject Passions Conditioned response Behavioural sciences Unconditioned response Pleasure Philosophy Incentive Psychology Association (psychology) Social psychology media_common
Zdroj:	Inquiry. 52:357-377
ISSN:	1502-3923 0020-174X
DOI:	10.1080/00201740903087342
Popis:	Philosophy and its descendents in the behavioral sciences have traditionally divided incentives into those that are sought and those that are avoided. Positive incentives are held to be both attractive and memorable because of the direct effects of pleasure. Negative incentives are held to be unattractive but still memorable (the problem of pain) because they force unpleasant emotions on an individual by an unmotivated process, either a hardwired response (unconditioned response) or one substituted by association (conditioned response). Negative incentives are divided into those that are always avoided and those that are avoided only by higher mental processes—archetypically the passions, which are also thought of as hardwired or conditioned. Newer dichotomies within the negative have been proposed, hinging on whether a negative incentive is nevertheless sought (“wanted but not liked”) or on an incentive's being negative only because it is confining (the product of “rule worship”). The newer dich...
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::745dc49fb5a9c40e2b31cc4db489e52e https://doi.org/10.1080/00201740903087342 Zobrazit plný text záznamu