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Goal. Scientific-theoretical justification and development of the comparative base model of physical-chemical state of the soil layer for the conditions of reproduction of fertility of degraded chernozem for long-term use of organic and intensive fertilizer systems using the by-products of crops as organic fertilizer for growing crops in short-time grain-cultivated crop rotation in conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical, comparative calculation. Results. A more close functional link is established between the humus content, relevant, hydrolytic acidity, and sum of accumulated bases in meter thick layer of degraded chernozem at the use of organic fertilizer system in comparison with intensive fertilizer system. The determination coefficient between the humus content and physical-chemical indicators is 56–72%. At the use of intensive fertilizer systems, it makes 48–55%, which is provided by the strengthening of the processes of regradation in the meter-thick layer of chernozem. It is also manifested in the increase of the boiling line of CaCO3, which is located at the depth of 55–60 cm from the soil surface (65–70 cm — at intensive fertilizer system). Conclusions. High values of the sum of accumulated bases for the top of the typical values may be associated with the presence of carbonates in the lower part of the meter depth layer, which number is growing in the organic fertilizer system: there is a strengthening regradation process. On average over 2016–2019, high performance for the yield of grain, forage, feed-protein units and digestible protein in the organic system had the winter wheat: 5.51 t/ha, 7.05, 6.52, and 0.92 t/ha, respectively; or 90–92% of the out at use of intensive fertilizer system. The coefficient of variation of grain crop yield in the organic fertilizer system was lower, except for the yield of barley compared with the intensive fertilizer system — 7.95%, against 10.5%. |
