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Publisher Summary This chapter explains solutions and solution properties and relates these properties to industrial crystallization operations. Crystallization is a separation and purification technique employed to produce a wide variety of materials. A solution is a mixture of two or more species that form a homogeneous single phase. Solutions are normally thought of in terms of liquids; however, solutions may include solids and even gases. Virtually all-industrial crystallization processes involve solutions. The development, design, and control of any of these processes involve knowledge of a number of the properties of the solution. The amount of solute required to make a saturated solution at a given condition is called the solubility. Solubility of common materials varies widely, even when the materials appear to be similar. The solubility of materials depends on temperature. In the majority of cases, the solubility increases with increasing temperature, although the rate of the increase varies widely from compound to compound. This chapter also discusses other solution properties, such as density, viscosity, and thermal properties. |
