| Autor: |
R. Manweiler, Hongfang Liu, H. Z. Huang, S. Vokal, A. M. Poskanzer, J. Engelage, J. Kiryluk, A. Kechechyan, Andre Mischke, M. Krus, R. Cendejas, D. A. Morozov, M. Heinz, Premomoy Ghosh, David Jonathan Hofman, J. M. Landgraf, O. I. Mall, Ermes Braidot, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, O. Catu, Adam Ryszard Kisiel, J. S. Wang, M. Strikhanov, B. Haag, Zebo Tang, B. V.K.S. Potukuchi, H. J. Crawford, H. Bichsel, G. Odyniec, Y. Zoulkarneeva, D. Thein, M. Kopytine, M. Tokarev, T. D. S. Stanislaus, A. Kocoloski, S. Dash, A. Ridiger, H. Caines, Ki-Seok Choi, S. Heppelmann, J. Sandweiss, D. D. Koetke, J. E. Draper, F. Videbæk, M. S. Ganti, Y. P. Lu, Sergei A. Voloshin, V. Perevoztchikov, J. P. Coffin, B. E. Bonner, O. D. Tsai, W. Christie, M. Elnimr, W. M. Zhang, M. C. Cervantes, Andrey Vasiliev, Sevil Salur, A. Stadnik, Peter Martin Jacobs, J. Takahashi, S. B. Nurushev, M. Sharma, V. Fine, Z. Chajecki, C. Perkins, X. L. Wang, C. Zhong, David Lynn, Q. Wang, M. J. Russcher, M. van Leeuwen, X. Dong, H. H. Wieman, M. DePhillips, Michal Sumbera, D. Tlusty, Mirko Planinic, R. Fatemi, Y. Bai, S. W. Wissink, Y. Zhang, Nikola Poljak, Y. N. Gorbunov, L. C. Bland, Yu-Gang Ma, Janet Elizabeth Seger, N. G. Minaev, H. Zhang, K. Krueger, J. A. Vanfossen, S. S. Shi, A. M. Hoffman, Thomas Peitzmann, I. Selyuzhenkov, Z. Xu, G. Lin, J. W. Harris, Anthony R. Timmins, Jing Zhou, W. J. Llope, Sergey Timoshenko, K. Kang, R. L. Ray, D. Staszak, L. Kotchenda, J. Callner, W. He, M. Cherney, Thomas Michael Cormier, P. Yepes, S. Bueltmann, A. H. Tang, I. Sakrejda, Lokesh Kumar, J. H. Thomas, T. Ljubicic, F. Du, M. Sarsour, M. J. Skoby, C. A. Whitten, Feng Jin, A. Chikanian, V. N. Tram, E. Elhalhuli, Rama Narayana Singaraju, J. X. Zuo, Jifa Tian, V. Rykov, T. P. Burton, Bedangadas Mohanty, L. Liu, B. Erazmus, Bernd Surrow, Sudhir Raniwala, W. T. Waggoner, L. V. Nogach, M. J. Ng, M. C. Suarez, E. P. Sichtermann, Pawan Kumar Netrakanti, Jana Bielcikova, Morton Kaplan, S. J. Lindenbaum, F. Liu, Chang-Hwan Lee, Raimond Snellings, L. K. Mangotra, V. I. Kravtsov, P. Djawotho, A. P. Meschanin, J. Balewski, Rashmi Raniwala, Neeraj Gupta, D. Cebra, D. Arkhipkin, A. Hamed, N. Xu, P. Filip, S. LaPointe, Claude Andre Pruneau, Jie Liu, S. Trentalange, Xiangming Sun, G. D. Westfall, C. A. Gagliardi, P. Kurnadi, A. Gordon, M. Estienne, Y. Panebratsev, G. Van Buren, A. Iordanova, R. D. Majka, Petr Jákl, T. Ullrich, Xuan Wang, Zhenyu Zhang, C. Nepali, Hanna Paulina Zbroszczyk, Jorn Henning Putschke, M. Botje, A. Szanto de Toledo, A. Ogawa, R. Zoulkarneev, D. Grosnick, J. Y. Chen, V. Kouchpil, S. Margetis, R. F. Clarke, J. Schambach, Lee Stuart Barnby, H. F. Chen, M. R. Cosentino, J. Kapitan, D. Kettler, D. R. Beavis, W. R. Edwards, Anju Bhasin, A. V. Brandin, S. U. Chung, M. Wada, T. W. Ludlam, H. Okada, L. Eun, Jaroslav Bielcik, S. M. Dogra, C-Q. Li, Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz, D. J. Prindle, J. M. Nelson, S. Q. Zhang, F. Benedosso, A. Lebedev, S. E. Vigdor, J. H. Chen, M. Bystersky, Yan Li, W. Peryt, Christian Claude Kuhn, R. P. Scharenberg, Christina Markert, Yuanfang Wu, M. R. Dutta Mazumdar, T. Pawlak, O. V. Rogachevskiy, M. A. Lisa, H. S. Matis, Basanta Kumar Nandi, T. G. Dedovich, G. S. Averichev, W. A. Love, X. Lin, T. Sakuma, B. Biritz, R. S. Longacre, S. C. Phatak, V. A. Okorokov, W. W. Jacobs, S. M. Guertin, B. Grube, Alexandre Alarcon Do Passo Suaide, Madan M. Aggarwal, Fuqiang Wang, C. Roy, Yong Xu, C. De Silva, J. Lauret, W. Guryn, P. Chaloupka, Debasish Das, Raghunath Sahoo, Frank Simon, O. G. Grebenyuk, Rolf K. Reed, R. Lednicky, L. Molnar, M. A.C. Lamont, J. Fedorisin, K. Kajimoto, G. Igo, D. P. Mahapatra, B. D. Anderson, A. G. Knospe, Russell Richard Betts, D. G. Underwood, Lijuan Ruan, J. Bouchet, M. S. Daugherity, M. Shao, T. J. Hallman, J. Cheng, T. J. M. Symons, R. S. Hollis, J. Millane, I. K. Yoo, Andrew Rose, Y. Zhao, N. K. Pruthi, M. Zawisza, H. M. Spinka, G. Eppley, Xu Cai, J. Pluta, D. R. Gangadharan, E. G. Judd, J. Ulery, H. G. Ritter, O. Barannikova, R. Bellwied, L. Gaillard, M. Pachr, R. E. Tribble, V. Emelianov, A. K. Bhati, D. Keane, Gerald W Hoffmann, Nikolai Smirnov, J. Mitchell, L. G. Efimov, T. K. Nayak, Christine Nattrass, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, M. L. Miller, Elena Bruna, Guo-Liang Ma, A. S. Hirsch, J. C. Webb, P. Kravtsov, J. Sowinski, G. Wang, P. Seyboth, E. J. Garcia-Solis, R. Witt, R. Derradi de Souza, B. I. Abelev, S. Mioduszewski, V. Yu Khodyrev, J. Baudot, W. Zhan, Yanchu Wang, Subrata Pal, B. K. Srivastava, I. M. Vasilevski, M. J. M. Codrington, A. Gupta, S. Bhardwaj, Boris Hippolyte, A. Shabetai, T. S. McShane, J. C. Dunlop, Q. H. Xu, Zubayer Ahammed, Z. J. Sun, M. J. LeVine, J. Joseph, G. M.S. Vasconcelos, Y. Pandit, S. Baumgart, N. Schmitz, E. Shahaliev, J. L. Drachenberg, V. Ghazikhanian, A. Feng, Marek Bombara, J. L. Romero, Jay Roberts, Y. Fisyak, E. Finch, A. M. Vander Molen, E. Hjort, Thomas Humanic, P. Sorensen, Y. J. Sun, X. H. Shi, Peter Graham Jones, L. Didenko, S. Kabana, Y. P. Viyogi, S. R. Klein, T. Tarnowsky, N. L. Subba, D. L. Olson, A. A. Derevschikov, A. L. Trattner, J. G. Cramer, P. Fachini, K. S.F.F. Guimaraes, Qian Yue, R. Varma, Yu A. Matulenko, B. S. Page, B. Stringfellow |
| Rok vydání: |
2009 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Physical Review C. 79 |
| ISSN: |
1089-490X
0556-2813 |
| DOI: |
10.1103/physrevc.79.034909 |
| Popis: |
Identified charged-particle spectra of pi(+/-), K(+/-), p, and (p) over bar at midrapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.1) measured by the dE/dx method in the STAR (solenoidal tracker at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) time projection chamber are reported for pp and d + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV and for Au + Au collisions at 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV. Average transverse momenta, total particle production, particle yield ratios, strangeness, and baryon production rates are investigated as a function of the collision system and centrality. The transverse momentum spectra are found to be flatter for heavy particles than for light particles in all collision systems; the effect is more prominent for more central collisions. The extracted average transverse momentum of each particle species follows a trend determined by the total charged-particle multiplicity density. The Bjorken energy density estimate is at least several GeV/fm(3) for a formation time less than 1 fm/c. A significantly larger net-baryon density and a stronger increase of the net-baryon density with centrality are found in Au + Au collisions at 62.4 GeV than at the two higher energies. Antibaryon production relative to total particle multiplicity is found to be constant over centrality, but increases with the collision energy. Strangeness production relative to total particle multiplicity is similar at the three measured RHIC energies. Relative strangeness production increases quickly with centrality in peripheral Au + Au collisions, to a value about 50% above the pp value, and remains rather constant in more central collisions. Bulk freeze-out properties are extracted from thermal equilibrium model and hydrodynamics-motivated blast-wave model fits to the data. Resonance decays are found to have little effect on the extracted kinetic freeze-out parameters because of the transverse momentum range of our measurements. The extracted chemical freeze-out temperature is constant, independent of collision system or centrality; its value is close to the predicted phase-transition temperature, suggesting that chemical freeze-out happens in the vicinity of hadronization and the chemical freeze-out temperature is universal despite the vastly different initial conditions in the collision systems. The extracted kinetic freeze-out temperature, while similar to the chemical freeze-out temperature in pp, d + Au, and peripheral Au + Au collisions, drops significantly with centrality in Au + Au collisions, whereas the extracted transverse radial flow velocity increases rapidly with centrality. There appears to be a prolonged period of particle elastic scatterings from chemical to kinetic freeze-out in central Au + Au collisions. The bulk properties extracted at chemical and kinetic freeze-out are observed to evolve smoothly over the measured energy range, collision systems, and collision centralities. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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