Evidence for a Causal Link between Exposure to an Insecticide Formulation and Declines in Catch of Atlantic Salmon

Autor:	W.L. Fairchild, S.B. Brown
Rok vydání:	2003
Předmět:	Fishery Hormonal activity Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Ecological Modeling Stressor Causal link Biological plausibility Biology Salmo biology.organism_classification Pollution Smoltification
Zdroj:	Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 9:137-148
ISSN:	1549-7860 1080-7039
DOI:	10.1080/713609856
Popis:	We report a case study showing relationships between historical insecticide applications (1973 to 1990) of an aminocarb formulation (Matacil® 1.8D ) containing 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and catch data for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations. To address the hypothesis that Matacil® 1.8D caused reductions in Atlantic salmon catch, seven epidemiological criteria are used to evaluate causality between the stressor and effect. These criteria include: strength of association; consistency of association; specificity of association; time order; biological gradient; experimental support; and biological plausibility. We conclude that the general weight-of-evidence supporting the seven epidemiological criteria is consistent with a causal relationship between declines in salmon catch and Matacil® 1.8D exposure during parr-smolt transformation (PST). If the effects exerted by 4-NP are due to its activity as a weak estrogen, then hormonal activity stemming from other sources (e.g., domestic sewage, agricultural, indus...
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::729a785cb8ffe49b04ebab3bf9ca8ea8 https://doi.org/10.1080/713609856 Zobrazit plný text záznamu