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espanolDurante la segunda mitad del siglo XX, el municipio de Hopelchen (Campeche), al sureste de Mexico, comenzo a ser objeto de programas de fomento de agricultura industrial, que provocaron la apertura de terrenos agricolas, en detrimento de la selva. Ese modelo tomo fuerza en las dos primeras decadas del siglo XXI, con la adopcion de nuevos cultivos. El objetivo de este articulo es estudiar las condiciones que favorecieron la expansion de soya geneticamente modificada en una region con larga tradicion milpera y apicola. Para ello se empleo una metodologia mixta, con recorridos de apiarios, entrevistas en profundidad (N=46), cuestionarios (N=80) y talleres. Los resultados muestran que la falta de convergencia entre diferentes logicas productivas desato un conflicto socioambiental atribuible a la transformacion de la agricultura tradicional y a la reduccion de la vegetacion para producir miel. El Estado jugo un papel clave en el impulso de la agricultura industrial, mediante el fomento de incentivos gubernamentales para aumentar la siembra de soya. EnglishDuring the second half of the 20Th century, the municipality of Hopelchen (Campeche), Southeast Mexico, became the target of programs designed to promote industrial agriculture through the opening of agricultural lands at the expense of the tropical forest. This model gained strength during the first two decades of the 21st century with the introduction of new crops. The objective of this paper is to analyze the factors that favored the expansion of genetically modified soybean in a region characterized by a longstanding milpa and beekeeping tradition. In order to achieve this objective, a mixed methodology is used, including apiary recognition, in-depth interviews (N=40), questionnaires (N=80) and workshops. Results show that the lack of convergence between different productive logics led to a socio-environmental conflict that can be attributed to the transformation of traditional agriculture and to the reduction of vegetation for honey production. The State played a crucial role in the promotion of industrial agriculture due to the government incentives that increased soybean production. |
