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The term robot first appeared in 1921 when Karel Capek mentioned it in his play Rossom's Universal Robots, which in free translation means forced labor. Today, robots are still unintelligent machines, but great strides have been made to integrate them as much as possible into people's daily lives. At present, this statement can no longer be supported, robots are used in the field of surgery almost daily in some specialized medical centers, the surgical system is used even to perform a trans-continental cholecystectomy in 2000. However, robotic surgery belongs to the field of minimally invasive surgery that began in 1987 with the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Since then, this type of surgery has grown rapidly and has been assigned more and more interventions as the skills and confidence of the surgeons who used it to increase. The degrees of movement of laparoscopic instruments are limited, namely, most of them have only 4 degrees of movement, also the physiological tremor of the surgeon is transmitted to the instrument he works with making delicate interventions such as anastomosis of 2 vessels very difficult. Therefore, the origin of robotic surgery lies in the desire to overcome these shortcomings of laparoscopy and to exploit to the maximum the resources of minimally invasive surgery. |
