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The problem of placing a horse is one of the most delusional in archeology remains unclear as scenarios of this important process, as well as the main centers of domestics. One of the sources that can serve as a reproduction of realistic models of this phenomenon is the study of molecular biology, historiographical review, which is presented in the article. The focus of the research is on the consideration and analysis of the achievements of molecular biology in recent decades regarding the origin and placement of a horse. Based on more than 80 analyzed foreign articles, genetic studies of horse DNA were conventionally divided into 3 separate articles: the study of mtDNA; Y chromosomes; autosomal DNA and genes that determine the horse's suit. This article is devoted to the study of mtDNA in molecular biology, the results of which can be used by archaeologists to reconstruct the processes of the placement of a horse. Already the first studies on mtDNA have shown a significant difference in the processes of the placement of this animal from previously domesticated ones: one of these features is a significant variation of the parent line in a horse that produces significant imbalance in male variability and generates a number of hypotheses. The article also deals with the correlation of detected mtDNA haplotypes, both in geographical and in chronological terms. |
