| Popis: |
Post-translational histone modifications, such as methylation and phosphorylation, play an important role in determining chromatin states associated with gene activation or repression. Histone H3 phosphorylation in particular has been linked to a variety of cellular processes during the cell cycle. H3 phosphorylation is involved in chromosome condensation and segregation during mitosis and meiosis in plants and animals. During interphase, H3 phosphorylation has been implicated in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and apoptosis. Phosphorylation also occurs in the histone variants, H3.3 and CENH3, during cell division. The diverse and sometimes contrasting processes in which H3 phosphorylation participates have made difficult to completely understand its function. In addition, functional differences on H3 phosphorylation have been observed in diverse organisms despite the conservation of the modified residue. Here we discuss the most recent findings about the roles of histone H3 phosphorylation, the proteins involved in phosphorylating particular residues and the mechanisms by which this modification results in a particular gene expression state. The differences and similarities between plants and other model systems are emphasized. |
