| Popis: |
Myofascial pain (MP) is a soft tissue pain syndrome (STP) with local and referred pain arising from trigger points (TrPs). Local STPs include bursitis, tenosynovitis, and enthesopathies. Regional STPs include myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) and complex regional pain syndrome (types I and II). Generalized STPs involve fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), chronic fatigue syndrome, and hypermobility syndromes. Regional STPs such as MPS are limited in anatomic distribution over a specific region or quadrant of the body. Myofascial pain can occur independent of other pain generators (primary myofascial pain). Alternatively, MP often coexists with or is secondary to other acute and chronic painful musculoskeletal conditions. MP is most effectively treated with a multimodal therapeutic regimen including injection, physical therapy, postural or ergonomic correction, and treatment of underlying musculoskeletal pain generators. MPS can often be refractory to treatment. If the patient is unable to participate in an active functional rehabilitation program due to the limitations of pain, then a comprehensive approach should be considered. A multidisciplinary approach may include psychological counseling for coping strategies, relaxation techniques and biofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, and complementary and alternative medicine in addition to standard medical evaluation and management. Despite an abundance of clinical experience and successful outcomes, we need better-designed, short- and long-term outcome studies on myofascial pain to assess the efficacy and efficiency of traditional and emerging therapies. |
