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In recent years technical developments have enhanced our ability to detect and quantify biological changes that occur at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels following exposure to chemicals in the environment. Although strategies for research and evaluation of these responses are being developed in various fields of study (e.g., environmental toxicology, chemical risk assessment, and epidemiology), continued open-minded discussions concerning the basis for and limitations in the use of these biological responses are essential if a coherent framework for their application as ecotoxicological tools is to be created. The following account addresses (1) the concept of biomarker responses, (2) considerations in the use of biomarkers, and (3) potential future uses of biomarkers. |
