COPING STRATEGIES AND POST-TRAUMATIC GROWTH IN PARAMEDICS: MODERATING EFFECT OF SPECIFIC SELF-EFFICACY AND POSITIVE/NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY
| Autor: | Erika Jurišová |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
050103 clinical psychology
Coping (psychology) Posttraumatic growth media_common.quotation_subject Flourishing 05 social sciences 030208 emergency & critical care medicine Negative affectivity 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Rumination Thriving medicine Personality 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences medicine.symptom Psychology Positive illusions Social psychology General Psychology media_common |
| Zdroj: | Studia Psychologica. 58:259-275 |
| ISSN: | 0039-3320 |
| DOI: | 10.21909/sp.2016.04.722 |
| Popis: | Coping Strategies and Post-Traumatic Growth in Paramedics: Moderating Effect of Specific Self-Efficacy and Positive/Negative AffectivityThe experts have associated experiencing various difficult life events and situations with negative effects that naturally follow, even though people may as a result quite possibly grow in the psychological, emotional and spiritual aspect.In the literature, the terms for positive consequences that subsequently arise from negative life experiences are labelled as perceiving, construing, or finding benefits (Affleck & Tennen, 1996; Antoni et al., 2001 ; McMillen et al., 1995; Tennen et al., 1992), thriving (Abraido-Lanza et al., 1998; O'Leary & Ickovics, 1995), positive changes in outlook (Joseph et al., 1993), adversarial growth (Linley & Joseph, 2004), stress-related growth (Park et al., 1996), flourishing (Ryff & Singer, 1998), positive by-products (McMillen, Howard, Nower, & Chung, 2001), and positive psychological changes (Yalom & Lieberman, 1991). One of the most accepted phrases used in the literature is posttraumatic growth (PTG), which was originally coined by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1995, 1996). PTG is defined as "positive psychological change experienced as a result of the struggle with highly challenging life circumstances" (p. 1; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004).Models of Post-Traumatic GrowthIn their overview of the PTG literature, Park and Helgeson (2006) ask if PTG is best understood as a process or an outcome. Many different theoretical models have been developed to answer this question (Bhushan & Hussain, 2007; Joseph & Linley, 2006; Zoellner & Maercker, 2006). Models that highlight the recuperation process from a traumatic event include the self-strengthening assessment or the creation of positive illusions (Taylor, 1983), extended model of a coping process (Davis, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Larson, 1998; Park & Folkman, 1997), or an outcome in its own right (Joseph & Linley, 2005; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004). Each type of model has different implications for the methods used to conduct research. Investigators who view PTG as a coping process or a positive illusion will examine how PTG affects other psychological and physical outcomes without considering growth to be an outcome itself. PTG becomes an independent variable and other health outcomes (e.g., depression, quality of life, treatment recovery) are dependent variables. In contrast to process models, outcome models identify PTG as the dependent variable and examine other aspects of health as independent variables related to PTG. Outcome models are the most widely accepted in the literature because of their comprehensive nature (Park & Helgeson, 2006; Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004). For example, Tedeschi and Calhoun's (1995, 1996, 2004) functional-descriptive model (FDM) retains many of the fundamental theoretical constructs present in literature while also correcting the weaknesses of other outcome models. Their model provides the most comprehensive framework for variables and processes related to PTG, as well as a detailed understanding of the components of PTG itself. FDM contains many variables, the most important are: post-traumatic personality, seismic event, rumination, selfdisclosure, social support, sociocultural influences, PTG, wisdom. In FDM, PTG is defined as a significant positive in the cognitive and emotional life of an individual that may have external manifestations in one's behavior. Development is understood as a change, in which an individual advances to a higher level of his/her current adaptation, psychological functioning and overall understanding of life (Tedeschi, Park, & Calhoun, 1998). Development can still coexist with residual distress that has been caused by a traumatic event.Model of life crises and personal growth by Schaefer & Moos, (1992) outlines a process where 1) personal and environmental systems influence 2) the experience of life crises in the aftermath of trauma, which 3) affects cognitive reappraisals and coping responses, and thereby 4) results in positive outcomes. … |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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