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espanolAntecedentes: En Chile, el 16 % de la poblacion son mayores de 60 anos; de ellos el 25 % tiene algun grado de dependencia funcional y el 10 % dependencia severa. En este contexto, una de las problematicas de los equipos de salud es la definicion de objetivos de cuidado cuando el paciente no los puede manifestar, decision que podria facilitarse definiendo directrices anticipadas. Material y metodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo. Incluyo pacientes de 40-60 anos que recibieron atencion entre septiembre-octubre de 2017 en el Hospital San Jose, ubicado en Santiago de Chile. Se aplico una encuesta sobre el conocimiento de riesgo de dependencia funcional y sus voluntades anticipadas. Resultados: 150 pacientes, edad media 51,4 anos, 56 % son solteros/divorciados, promedio 1,2 hijos y escolaridad media 46 %. Las patologias mas prevalentes fueron hipertension arterial del 50 % y diabetes del 30 %. El 40 % tenia autopercepcion de salud regular. El 50 % refirio conocer sus patologias cronicas y riesgo de dependencia asociado. Respecto a las preferencias anticipadas en el hipotetico caso de dependencia severa en el futuro, el 60 % escogeria un familiar como cuidador, el 72 % preferiria vivir en domicilio propio y el 55,3 % rechazaria reanimacion en caso de parada cardiorrespiratoria. No se encontro correlacion estadistica entre escolaridad y conocimiento de estado de salud, riesgo de dependencia asociado a sus enfermedades ni tampoco con la decision de recibir reanimacion en caso de parada cardiorrespiratoria. Conclusiones: De nuestra muestra podemos interpretar que existe una brecha respecto a lo que significa envejecimiento satisfactorio, manejo adecuado de patologias cronicas potencialmente invalidantes y elaboracion de directrices anticipadas por quienes las padecen. EnglishBackground: In Chile, 16 % of the population are over the age of 60; of these, 25 % have some degree of functional dependence and 10 % have severe dependence. In this context, one of the problems of health teams is the definition of objectives of care when the patient cannot express them, a decision that could facilitate defining directives. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study. It included patients aged 40-60 years who received care between September and October of 2017 at San Jose Hospital, Santiago de Chile. A survey on the knowledge of their functional dependence risk was administered, covering their advance preferences. Results: A total of 150 patients participated with an average age of 51.4 years; 56 % were single/divorced. They had 1.2 children on average, and a mean level of schooling of 46 %. The most prevalent diseases were hypertension (50 %) and diabetes (30 %). Forty percent perceived their health status as fair; 50 % claimed to be aware of their chronic diseases and their associated risk of dependence. Regarding the advance preferences, in the hypothetical situation of severe dependence, 60 % would choose a relative as caregiver, 72 % would prefer to live in their own home, and 55.3 % rejected resuscitation in case of cardiac arrest. There was no statistical correlation between schooling and awareness of health status, risk of dependence associated with their illnesses, or the decision to receive resuscitation in case of cardiac arrest. Conclusions: From our sample we may interpret that there is a gap regarding the meaning of successful aging, correct management of potentially invalidating chronic diseases, and preparation of advance directives by those who suffer from them. |
