| Popis: |
Increasingly, researchers are faced with nested and cross‐level data. For example, students are clustered within classrooms, classrooms are clustered within schools and schools are clustered within districts. However, most traditional statistical analyses assume that observations are independent of each other. When people are clustered within naturally occurring organisational units such as schools, classrooms or districts, the responses of people from the same cluster are likely to exhibit some degree of relatedness with each other. In other words, they are not independent of each other. The use of Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) allows researchers to adjust for and model this non‐independence (McCoach, 2010)... |
