Colchiploidy Identification of Sections of Shoot Apices in Apple in Vitro

Autor: Yinping Shi, Congyi Sui, Guangfang Zhou, Qiangsheng Wang
Rok vydání: 1997
Předmět:
Zdroj: HortScience. 32:549B-549
ISSN: 2327-9834
0018-5345
DOI: 10.21273/hortsci.32.3.549b
Popis: Plant mutation induced with colchicine, disturbance of chimeras has long been unsolved. Authors used embryo culture in vitro induced with colchicine for inducing genome of embryonic cells of diploid apple to be doubled, cell doubled differentiated into adventitious shoots, and then were culture into plantlets. By morphological preselection, plants induced hundreds of genotypes had been obtained. To identify ploidy variation of three histogenic layers of shoot apices, sections of shoot apices of 284 plants were identified. Two-hundred-forty-nine tetraploid plants were selected. Entire mutants accounted for 98%, chimeras 2%. This proved that induction in vitro could indeed eliminate disturbance of chimeras and was a new induction technique simply and effectively. Accurate rate of morphological preselection was confirmed by 87.7% by sections of shoot apices. The identification of ploidy of mutated plants of apple in vitro induced with colchicine, the method of combining morphological preselection with sections of shoot apices had advantages over that of chromosome count. First, the method is simple, saving time and labor, with a high success rate and reliable results. Second, whether the mutated plants were chimeras and chimera structures could be known. Main criteria of identifying ploidy by sections of shoot apices are the size of cells, nuclei, and nucleoli and numbers of nucleoli of three histogenic layers of shoot apices. Morphological characters of tetraploid were dumpy, thick, and strong stem with short internodes; small petiole angle; broad-round thick leaves with dark green color; round leaf base; thick and sharp-pointed sawteeth; protruding and clear main vein.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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