| Popis: |
The record of traces occurring in other insect trace fossils in paleosols representing invaders, such as parasitoids, cleptoparasites, detritivores and inquilines, is reviewed. Different types of cleptoparasitism and detritivory have been recognized in extant dung beetle brood balls, produced by other beetles, flies, wasps, termites and earthworms among others. Different groups of wasps, bees, flies, beetles, and ants may act as cleptoparasites, inquilines, predators, detritivores and parasitoids in wasp and bee nests, resulting in complex communities. The trace fossil record of these complex relationships is represented by ichnospecies of Tombownichnus and Lazaichnus, grouped in the new ichnofamily Lazaichnidae. Keys and diagnoses of all ichnospecies are provided along with interpretations. The record of unnamed cases is also reviewed. Color plates of extant producers and their traces, type material, morphological details and representative cases of trace fossils are provided. |
