| Popis: |
Punishment is often defined as an individual sanction. It must be in response to the committing of an offence, and Flew argues that a key feature of punishment be that it ‘only be directed only at the person who undertook the offence, i.e. the offender’ (Flew 1954, cited in Scott and Flynn, Prisons and Punishment: The Essentials, Sage, London, 2014, 41). In reality, punishment, and the criminal justice process more widely, impacts beyond the individual to the family and community to which the individual belongs. We also know that such processes of criminalisation and imprisonment are not experienced equally across all families or communities. The prison acts ‘as a structuring institution that increases racial and social inequality on a large, aggregate scale’ (Jardine 2017, 115). It is with these issues in the foreground that we consider the evidence and examples discussed here. The chapter reports the findings of a small scale research project, prior to reporting and reflecting on the research findings, we provide an overview of the wider policy context of the initiatives reviewed in this chapter. |
