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A global analysis indicates that more than 2 billion ha of cleared and degraded forest lands—an area twice the size of China—are not in productive agriculture or human habitation. Restoring these lands represents an immense opportunity to improve food security, human livelihoods, water supplies, climate stability, and natural resource management demonstrated through successful examples of restoration in Niger, Nepal, Brazil, India, and Ethiopia. However, challenges remain. It is essential to assess the motivation for restoration, the enabling conditions, and the factors that make implementation possible. Before rushing into restoration decisions, it is important to recognize that returning a landscape to its former ecosystem may not be possible (or even desirable) in some places. In order to create resilient landscapes for the 21st century, we need to simultaneously restore forests and increase the productivity of existing agricultural lands, which support human livelihoods and well-being. |
