Using oncolytic viruses to ignite the tumour immune microenvironment in bladder cancer
Autor: | James J. Mulé, Roger Li, Scott M. Gilbert, Jose R. Conejo-Garcia, Jingsong Zhang |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Innate immune system Bladder cancer Combination therapy business.industry Urology Context (language use) Acquired immune system medicine.disease Immune checkpoint Oncolytic virus 03 medical and health sciences 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine Immune system 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Cancer research Medicine business |
Zdroj: | Nature Reviews Urology. 18:543-555 |
ISSN: | 1759-4820 1759-4812 |
Popis: | The advent of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has transformed the treatment paradigm for bladder cancer. However, despite the success of ICI in other tumour types, the majority of ICI-treated patients with bladder cancer failed to respond. The lack of efficacy in some patients could be attributed to a paucity of pre-existing immune reactive cells within the tumour immune microenvironment, which limits the beneficial effects of ICI. In this setting, strategies to attract lymphocytes before implementation of ICI could be helpful. Oncolytic virotherapy is thought to induce the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, eliciting a pro-inflammatory cytokine cascade and stimulating the activation of the innate immune system. Concurrently, oncolytic virotherapy-induced oncolysis leads to further release of neoantigens and subsequent epitope spreading, culminating in a robust, tumour-specific adaptive immune response. Combination therapy using oncolytic virotherapy with ICI has proven successful in a number of preclinical studies and is beginning to enter clinical trials for the treatment of both non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In this context, understanding of the mechanisms underpinning oncolytic virotherapy and its potential synergism with ICI will enable clinicians to effectively deploy oncolytic virotherapy, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy in the different clinical stages of bladder cancer. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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