Entangled cellulose nanofibers produced from sugarcane bagasse via alkaline treatment, mild acid hydrolysis assisted with ultrasonication
| Autor: | Mohd Firdaus Abd Wahab, Wan Mohd Fazli Wan Nawawi, Nor Fadhillah Mohamed Azmin, Dzun Noraini Jimat, Nur Huda Syazwani Jafri, Maimunah Asem |
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| Rok vydání: | 2023 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
020209 energy General Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering 0211 other engineering and technologies General Engineering Sulfuric acid 02 engineering and technology Catalysis chemistry.chemical_compound Cellulose fiber chemistry Chemical engineering Sodium hydroxide 021105 building & construction 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Lignin Acid hydrolysis Hemicellulose Electrical and Electronic Engineering Cellulose Bagasse Civil and Structural Engineering |
| Zdroj: | Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences. 35:24-31 |
| ISSN: | 1018-3639 |
| Popis: | Agriculture waste such as sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is composed mostly of cellulose, a very versatile natural biopolymer with well-established applications in many industries. The purpose of this study was to use combination treatment methods which include alkaline treatment and mild acid hydrolysis assisted with ultrasonication to extract cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from sugarcane bagasse. Initially, the SCB fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide and aqueous hydrogen peroxide, a bleaching agent before subjected to mild acid hydrolysis followed by ultrasonication at 70% amplitude to defibrillate and disperse the fibers. The study focused on acid hydrolysis using mild sulfuric acid to the alkaline treated cellulose fibers extracted from SCB. The FESEM images of isolated CNFs exhibited diameter in the range 20–30 nm and length of up to several micrometers. This observation suggests that the combined treatment methods are highly effective in isolating CNFs from the plant biomass. Moreover, XRD analysis reveals the presence of peaks at 2θ of 15.2° and 22°, indicating cellulose type I with the crystallinity of 42%. Meanwhile, the FTIR spectra prove that individual CNF was successfully isolated due to the removal of non-cellulosic constituents. This result verifies that amorphous portions such as lignin and hemicellulose were completely removed. CNFs with long entangled network fibrils were successfully extracted from SCB through the combination of alkaline treatment and mild acid hydrolysis assisted with ultrasonication. The CNFs are expected to have high strength and aspect ratio that can be used as reinforced material in manufacturing nanocomposites. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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