| Popis: |
Ecological principles for the design and implementation of sustainable malaria vector control programmes are outlined and illustrated with the results obtained from successful malaria control programmes in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The elements of program design may be applied during planning, construction and subsequent operational phases; and in established projects. The integrated vector control techniques make use of: the ecological characteristics of local vectors; landscape and local topography; and, modern environmentally sound insecticides. There are opportunities to create partnerships between private sector and government and for local job creation. Baseline ecological and entomological parameters are usually required prior to program implementation, including careful identification of local mosquito species and their breeding habitats. Control decisions are based upon the weekly collection of quantitative data from both human and mosquito populations. An integrated mosquito control program targeting malaria vectors may include; environmental planning and construction controls; ongoing breeding source reduction which may include habitat modification as well as drainage measures; larviciding and appropriate biological controls; residual insecticide applications to dwellings; and, the use of insecticide impregnated bed-nets. The successful impact of these measures on anopheline populations and malaria incidence and prevalence will be illustrated using data collected from locations in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea over the past 6 years. Epidemiological indicators will illustrate control principles and outcomes. |
