Effect of Raw Sewage on Surface Water Quality in Opobo Town, Nigeria
| Autor: | Eunice D. Macpepple, C. C. Egwuonwu, Asinyetogha H. Igoni, Ngozikaa Okereke |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Environment and Ecology Research. 5:220-226 |
| ISSN: | 2331-6268 2331-625X |
| DOI: | 10.13189/eer.2017.050307 |
| Popis: | This study investigated the effect of raw sewage on the quality of surface water in Opobo town, Rivers State, Nigeria. The investigation was occasioned by the predominance of direct disposal of raw sewage into surface water bodies in the study area. Opobo town is a coastal community in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria; and in coastal communities, surface water contamination by fecal and organic matter is a primary water quality issue, especially in inland rivers. In the study, samples of surface water were collected with 500ml bottles at seven different points, ranging from the upstream to the downstream of the river. The samples were analyzed for twenty-two different water quality parameters, including turbidity, suspended solids, pH, alkalinity, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), with the following mean values respectively obtained: 5.6 NTU, 359.3mg/l, 5.8, 164.1mg/l, 146.3mg/l, 204.7mg/l and 262.7mg/l. There were also substantial doses of total coliform (172.3cfu/100ml), E. coli (110.5cfu/100ml), Enterobacter (106.0cfu/100ml) and salmonella spp. (162.7cfu/100ml). These results were compared with standard criteria for coastal waters designated for aquatic life, recreation, navigation, and industrial water supply. It was found that the discharge of raw sewage into the surrounding surface waters in the area presented water quality that is injurious to both human and aquatic life. The practice is strongly discouraged and treatment of the sewage before disposal also strongly recommended. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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