| Popis: |
The space environment is constituted by the outer parameters' which may have an influence on the acting and behaviour of spacecraft components. The principal are : pressure, temperature, density and composition, of upper atmosphere, electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic radiations since γ rays to centimetric waves, corpuscular radiations with charged or neutral particles, and meteorides. The spacecraft environment takes into account the presence of spacecraft constituting materials. The different temperature variations of the spacecraft depend of surfaces coatings The thermal control techniques permit to maintain them between fixed limits as it is shown from experimental datas in orbit. The different walls behave as shieldings against charged particles by slowing and stopping them : they can emit a bremsstrahlung radiation. Some component can outgas and modify the residual pressure inside the spacecraft. Furthermore according to temperature conditions, condensations can pollute surfaces. The different possible degradations due to spacecraft environment are examined and illustrated with exemples obtained from experimental results in orbit. |
