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This paper presents findings of strategies for the resilience of natural structures in biological systems with applications in manufacturing. Natural structures are fundamental to the design, manufacturing, and resilience of biological systems, and system of systems. This paper presents the main ten key strategies by which natural structures achieve resilience and their relevance to manufacturing, discussed through representative examples. These ten strategies are selection and organization of sizes and shapes, the hierarchy of branching, multifunctional surfaces, distribution of division of roles (labor), distributed structures and systems, functional redundancy, scale and management of defects, self-healing and reorganization, sensory networks, and aesthetics. |
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