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The continuous addition of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in the biosphere results from industrial processes, from use of fertilizers or other crop protection agents, from municipal waste, and through atmospheric fallout. To ensure the protection of crops from this dangerous abiotic stress, it is important to understand and assess the availability, accumulation, uptake, and localization of cadmium in crop plants, in addition to its toxic responses. The uptake of Cd by plants results in various anatomical, histochemical, and biochemical alterations inside the plant cells. The Cd-induced toxicity resulting from its uptake and distribution in plants is dependent largely upon its uptake concentration in the plant and plant species, and even among varieties of the same species. Cadmium localization varies in different plants, causing anatomical abnormalities within the plant cells. This chapter is an update on the uptake, localization, and distribution of cadmium and the corresponding anatomical changes observed in crops grown in Cd-rich soil. This chapter also discusses the major abnormalities in different plant species based on the amount of Cd uptake and localization, in particular. |
