Intrauterine exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fine particulate matter and early wheeze. Prospective birth cohort study in 4-year olds
| Autor: | Frederica P. Perera, Ryszard Jacek, John D. Spengler, Elzbieta Flak, Umberto Maugeri, Wieslaw Jedrychowski, Susan Edwards, Elzbieta Mroz, Dorota Mrozek-Budzyn, Agata Sowa, Maria Klimaszewska-Rembiasz |
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| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 21:e723-e732 |
| ISSN: | 1399-3038 0905-6157 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01034.x |
| Popis: | The main goal of the study was to determine the relationship between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measured by PAH-DNA adducts in umbilical cord blood and early wheeze. The level of PAH-DNA adducts in the cord blood is assumed to reflect the cumulative dose of PAHs absorbed by the foetus over the prenatal period. The effect of prenatal PAH exposure on respiratory health measured by the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for the number of wheezing days in the subsequent 4 yr follow-up was adjusted for potential confounding factors such as personal prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), gender of child, maternal characteristics (age, education and atopy), parity and mould/ dampness in the home. The study sample includes 339 newborns of nonsmoking mothers 18–35 yr of age and free from chronic diseases, who were recruited from ambulatory prenatal clinics in the first or second trimester of pregnancy. The number of wheezing days during the first 2 yr of life was positively associated with prenatal level of PAH-DNA adducts (IRR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.52–1.88), prenatal particulate matter (PM2.5) level dichotomized by the median (IRR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.25–1.51), maternal atopy (IRR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.29–1.58), mouldy/ damp house (IRR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.27–1.61). The level of maternal education and maternal age at delivery was inversely associated with the IRRs for wheeze. The significant association between frequency of wheeze and the level of prenatal environmental hazards (PAHs and PM2.5) was not observed at ages 3 or 4 yrs. Although the frequency of wheezing at ages 3 or 4 was no longer associated with prenatal exposure to PAHs and PM2.5, its occurrence depended on the presence of wheezing in the first 2 yr of life, which nearly tripled the risk of wheezing in later life. In conclusion, the findings may suggest that driving force for early wheezing ( |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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