Scanning Electron Microscopy Measurements of the Surface Roughness of Paper

Autor:	Terrance E. Conners, Rallming Yang, Sujit Banerjee, Charles E. Courchene
Rok vydání:	2009
Předmět:	Paper sheet Micrograph Materials science Scanning electron microscope business.industry General Chemical Engineering General Chemistry Surface finish Grayscale Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Optics visual_art Newsprint Surface roughness visual_art.visual_art_medium business Kraft paper
Zdroj:	Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 48:4322-4325
ISSN:	1520-5045 0888-5885
DOI:	10.1021/ie900029v
Popis:	A new approach to the measurement of x−y uniformity of the surface of a paper sheet is described. Scanning electron micrographs are taken of both the top and bottom surfaces of a paper sheet and image-analyzed. The images were converted to grayscale, and the standard deviation of the pixel brightness was called the “SEM roughness index” and calculated for each surface. Both commercial newsprint sheets and handsheets made with kraft, TMP, and recycled fibers were examined. Debonders and cationic polymers were added to some sheets. The addition of debonders increases the index on the top side of the sheet but decreases it on the bottom. This is caused by the movement of fines from the top to the bottom side. The addition of cationic polymers increases the SEM roughness index by increasing the degree of microfloc formation. Samples taken across a reel from a commercial paper machine tend to show a mirror image relationship between the top and bottom surfaces. The SEM roughness index is able to detect subtle ...
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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