The use of ozone therapy and photobiomodulation therapy to treat local effects of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom

Autor: Ricardo Scarparo Navarro, Daniel S. F. Magalhães, Jessia Oliveira dos Santos Fernandes, Daniel Mussuri de Gouveia, Silvia Cristina Nunez, José Carlos Cogo, Amanda Cabral David, Stella Regina Zamuner
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Research on Biomedical Engineering. 37:773-783
ISSN: 2446-4740
2446-4732
Popis: Envenomation by the pit viper Bothrops jararacussu (jararacucu) (B. jararacussu) causes local effects, such as pain, swelling, inflammation, haemorrhage and myonecrosis. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of ozonated oil therapy (OZT) associated with photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the local effects caused by B. jararacussu venom in vivo. Forty-six mice were randomly allocated to five groups: control (n = 6) injected with 50 µL 0.9% NaCl (saline), venom (V) (n = 10) injected with venom alone (30 µg/50 µL of saline), V + PBMT (n = 10) treated with low-level laser alone (685 nm, 4 J/cm2, 100 mW, 12 s), V + OZT (n = 10) treated with ozonated sunflower oil applied for 15 min (350 mg/L) (corona generator, Ozone & Life®), and V + PBMT + OZT (n = 10) treated with low-level laser plus ozonated sunflower oil. Each of these groups was divided into two subgroups for evaluation 3 h and 24 h post-venom. All injections were made in the right gastrocnemius muscle, and at the desired time after venom or saline injection, the mice were killed and the muscles removed, fixed and processed for histological analysis by light microscopy after staining with haematoxylin–eosin. The histological alterations were assessed using ImageJ® software, and oedema was determined by weighing the muscles. Blood creatine kinase activity (CK) was quantified colourimetrically. Treatment with PBMT and OZT attenuated the venom-induced damage and reduced the extent of myonecrosis, but there was no synergism between these treatments. OZT was effective in protecting against the immediate (3 h) and late (24 h) effects of the venom, with 30.0% and 40.0% protection, respectively, whereas PBMT protected primarily against the late effects on muscle cells (24 h, 21.7% protection). OZT was more effective against the immediate damage caused by the venom than was PBMT (24 h, 47.4%). Venom caused a marked increase in CK release after 3 h (212%) and 24 h (237%) that was prevented by the different treatments. The results of this investigation indicate that PBMT and OZT can, individually, partially protect against the myonecrosis and oedema caused by B. jararacussu venom, with OZT being more effective, particularly in the early stages of envenomation.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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