The world bank & urban programmes in Zimbabwe: A critical appraisal
| Autor: | Edward Ramsamy |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2006 |
| Předmět: |
International relations
Economic growth media_common.quotation_subject Geography Planning and Development Chinese financial system Psychological intervention Development Private sector Variety (cybernetics) Politics Political Science and International Relations Economics Institution Land tenure media_common |
| Zdroj: | Review of African Political Economy. 33:515-523 |
| ISSN: | 1740-1720 0305-6244 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/03056240601000994 |
| Popis: | The World Bank did not address urban issues for the first twenty-five years of its existence. However, a variety of political factors propelled the reluctant institution to address urban poverty in the early 1970s (Ayres, 1983; Ramsamy, 2006). The majority of the Bank's urban interventions during the 1970s concentrated on squatter upgrading and sites-and-services projects. While these programmes did have their problems, they represent the Bank's first attempt to address directly the needs of the urban poor, and offer them a framework to legitimise their rights to shelter and secure land tenure. By the mid-1980s, however, the Bank moved away from this approach and embraced a perspective that examined cities in their national macro-economic contexts. The Bank argued that the role of governments ought to be transformed from that of ‘providers’ of urban services, to that of ‘supporters’ or ‘enablers’ that serve as a liaison between the private sector and self-help groups (World Bank, 1991, 1993). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|