Grain quality characteristics of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) as affected by free-air CO2 enrichment

Autor: M. Brunnbauer, Petra Högy, Peter Koehler, Klaus Schwadorf, Jürgen Franzaring, D. Zhunusbayeva, Andreas Fangmeier, Jörn Breuer
Rok vydání: 2013
Předmět:
Zdroj: Environmental and Experimental Botany. 88:11-18
ISSN: 0098-8472
DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.12.007
Popis: Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Triso) was grown in a free-air carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment (FACE) system at Stuttgart–Hohenheim (Germany) in 2008 to examine effects on crop yield and grain quality. Elevated CO2 had no significant impacts on aboveground biomass and grain yield components except for an increase in thousand grain weight by 5.4% with size distribution shifted towards larger grains. Total grain protein concentration decreased by 7.9% under CO2 enrichment, and protein composition was altered. Total gliadins and their single types (ω5-gliadins, ω1,2-gliadins, α-gliadins, and γ-gliadins) were reduced, while albumins/globulins, total glutenins and their subunits were not influenced. The gluten proteins (gliadins plus glutenins) were lowered by 11.3% in the high-CO2 treatment, whereas proportions of gluten protein types were slightly affected as only ω1,2-gliadins decreased. Accordingly, all proteinogenic amino acids were decreased by 4.2 to 7.9% in concentrations per unit flour mass, although partly below the level of statistical significance. In contrast, the composition of amino acids on a per protein basis remained unaffected except for a decline in serine. Among the minerals, the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron and cobalt decreased, while an increase was observed for boron. The concentrations of total non-structural carbohydrates and starch decreased, whereas fructose, raffinose and fructan increased. Total lipid concentration remained unaffected by the CO2 enrichment, whereas the grain carbon/nitrogen relation was increased by 8.5%. Implications may occur for consumer nutrition and health, and for industrial processing, thus breeding of new wheat cultivars that exploit CO2 fertilisation and maintain grain quality properties is regarded as one potential option to assure the supply chain for the future.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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