Pseudopaludicola coracoralinae Andrade & Haga & Lyra & Carvalho & Haddad & Giaretta & Toledo 2020, sp. nov

Autor: Andrade, Felipe Silva de, Haga, Isabelle Aquemi, Lyra, Mariana L��cio, Carvalho, Thiago Ribeiro de, Haddad, C��lio Fernando Baptista, Giaretta, Ariovaldo Antonio, Toledo, Lu��s Felipe
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4323637
Popis: Pseudopaludicola coracoralinae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FAB2ABCB-37D5-429C-9628-91BB62B185B6 Figs 4���5; Tables 3���4 Pseudopaludicola facureae from Palmeiras de Goi��s, GO ��� Carvalho et al. 2015a: 267, 271, table 4, appendix 1���2. Diagnosis Pseudopaludicola coracoralinae sp. nov. is assigned to Pseudopaludicola by having a hypertrophied antebrachial tubercle (see Lynch 1989; Lobo 1995) and by its phylogenetic position within the genus. The new species is characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) upper eyelids smooth, without enlarged palpebral tubercles; (2) heel smooth, without conical tubercle; (3) single, subgular vocal sac, cream-colored with white or off-white warts; (4) terminal phalanges knobbed, without T-shaped terminal phalanges or expanded toe tips; (5) relative short hind limbs (tibio-tarsal articulation just reaching the corner of the mouth); (6) trilled advertisement call pattern, composed of 2���6 welldefined series of tonal notes, having each series of 7���116 notes, emitted at rates of 1485���2077 notes per minute. Etymology The specific name honors Anna Lins dos Guimar��es Peixoto Bretas, better known by her pseudonym Cora Coralina. She was a simple woman, a Brazilian candy maker, writer and poetess. She was born and raised on the banks of the Vermelho River, in the municipality of Goi��s, GO, and lived apart from urban centers. Cora Coralina studied until the third year of elementary school and did a typing course at the age of 70, due to a requirement of the publisher that would publish her first book. She is considered one of the most influential Brazilian writers. Although Cora Coralina wrote her first verses during her adolescence, she had her first book (Poemas dos Becos de Goi��s e Est��rias Mais) published in June 1965, when she was 75 years old. In 1984, the Brazilian Union of Writers awarded her the ���literary personality of the year���. Following that honor, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, another distinguished Brazilian poet, said: ���I admire Cora Coralina and her mastery of living in a state of grace with her poetry. Her verse is like running waters, her lyricism has the power and delicacy of the natural world.��� Type material Holotype BRAZIL ��� adult ♂; state of Goi��s, municipality of Palmeiras de Goi��s; 16��46���59��� S, 49��52���2��� W; 652 m a.s.l. (Fig. 1); 14 Mar. 2019; F.S. Andrade and I.A. Haga leg.; GenBank: MT385245; ZUEC 24704 (Figs 4, 5A). Paratypes BRAZIL ��� 6 adult ♂♂; same data as for holotype; GenBank: MT385243, MT385244; ZUEC 24701 to 24703, 24707 to 24709 ��� 5 adult ♀♀; same data as for holotype; ZUEC 24705, 24706, 24710 to 24712 ��� 4 adult ♂♂; state of Goi��s, municipality of Palmeiras de Goi��s; 16��50���48��� S, 49��51���51��� W; 611 m a.s.l.; 18 Dec. 2013; T.R. de Carvalho and L.B. Martins leg; GenBank: MT385241, MT385242; AAG-UFU 3393 to 3396. Type locality Brazil, GO, municipality of Palmeiras de Goi��s (16��46���59��� S, 49��52���2��� W; 652 m a.s.l.; Fig. 1). Description of the holotype Body elliptic and broad (Fig. 4 A���B; Table 3). Head elliptical, slightly wider than long. Snout subovoid in dorsal view and rounded in profile (Fig. 4 C���D). Eye not protuberant. Eye diameter almost equal to interorbital distance. Interorbital area flat. Pupil rounded. Upper eyelid without tubercles. Nostril not protuberant and closer to snout tip than to eye. Canthus rostralis rounded, smooth. Loreal region slightly concave. Single subgular vocal sac, externally expanded with warty texture. Choanae rounded, well separated from each other. Vocal slits present. Tympanum membrane and annulus absent. Discrete tympanic ridge from behind eye to proximal portion of arm insertion. Mouth opening ventral. Vomerine teeth absent. Tongue ovoid, longer than wide, free posteriorly, without pigmentation at its base. Lateral of head and flanks with discrete granules. One ovoid antebrachial tubercle presents in first quarter of forearm. Finger and toe tips not expanded. Outer and inner metacarpal tubercles welldefined; outer metacarpal tubercle rounded and inner metacarpal tubercle ovoid. Fingers with single and rounded subarticular tubercles. Supernumerary tubercles absent on palm of hand. Thumb with discrete, keratinized, light brown nuptial pad, extending from base of hand to proximal limit of terminal phalanx, covering almost entire external portion of finger. Webbing absent between fingers. Relative finger lengths, when adpressed one to another: IP. coracoralinae sp. nov. were note duration, notes per minute and all spectral traits. The other traits were classified as dynamic. Call quantitative traits and CV values are summarized in Table 4. Differential diagnosis Pseudopaludicola coracoralinae sp. nov. is promptly diagnosed from the P. pusilla species group (sensu Lynch 1989), which includes P. boliviana, P. ceratophyes Rivero & Serna, 1985, P. llanera, P. pusilla and P. motorzinho, by the absence of either T-shaped terminal phalanges or expanded toe tips (discs or pads). The new species has terminal phalanges knobbed, similar in shape to those of P. falcipes (Cardozo & Su��rez 2012: fig. 2B). The new species is also distinguished from P. ceratophyes by having upper eyelids smooth; P. ceratophyes has upper eyelids with an enlarged palpebral tubercle (Lynch 1989). The new species also differs from P. boliviana, P. ceratophyes, P. llanera and P. motorzinho by having a smooth heel, without enlarged, conical tubercle (Lynch 1989; Pansonato et al. 2016). Pseudopaludicola coracoralinae sp. nov. is promptly distinguished from the P. saltica species group that includes P. saltica, P. murundu and P. jaredi, by having short hind limbs (tibiotarsal articulation reaching near the corner of the mouth), whereas all three above-mentioned species have long hind limbs (tibiotarsal articulation extending beyond the tip of snout; Andrade et al. 2016). The color and skin texture of the vocal sac of the P. coracoralinae sp. nov. is whitish cream with white or off-white warts (Fig. 4B), thereby distinguishing it from all congeners, except from P. facureae. Pseudopaludicola ameghini, P. ternetzi, P. falcipes, P. giarettai, P. hyleaustralis Pansonato, Morais, ��vila, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Strussmann & Martins, 2012, P. canga, P. florencei, P. pocoto, P. mineira, P. restinga, P. matuta, P. mystacalis, P. ceratophyes, P. llanera, P. boliviana, P. motorzinho, P. ibisoroca Pansonato, Veiga-Menoncello, Mudrek, Jansen, Recco-Pimentel, Martins & Str ��ssmann, 2016 and P. saltica have vocal sacs that are whitish, yellowish, or light cream with no warty texture (combined characters of the vocal sac of all above-mentioned species: Miranda-Ribeiro 1937; Ruthven 1916; Rivero & Serna 1985; Haddad & Cardoso 1987; Lynch 1989; Lobo 1994; Giaretta & Kokubum 2003; Carvalho 2012; Pansonato et al. 2012, 2013, 2016; Roberto et al. 2013; Magalh���es et al. 2014; Carvalho et al. 2015b, Andrade et al. 2017a, 2018a, 2018b; Cardozo et al. 2018); P. jazmynmcdonaldae has a dark and smooth vocal sac with no warty texture (Andrade et al. 2019); and P. atragula has a white vocal sac with warty texture and dark-colored reticulations (Pansonato et al. 2014a). The trilled pattern of its advertisement call (presence of non-pulsed notes) promptly distinguishes the new species from all species of Pseudopaludicola that have notes with pulsatile structure (pulses separated by silence intervals or not): P. ameghini, P. atragula, P. boliviana, P. falcipes, P. florencei, P. ibisoroca, P. jaredi, P. jazmynmcdonaldae, P. matuta, P. mineira, P. motorzinho, P. murundu, P. mystacalis, P. pocoto, P. restinga, P. saltica and P. ternetzi (Haddad & Cardoso 1987; Dur�� et al. 2004; Pereira & Nascimento 2004; Pansonato et al. 2013, 2014 a, 2014b, 2016; Magalh���es et al. 2014; Andrade et al. 2016, 2017a, 2017b, 2018a, 2018b, 2019; Cardozo et al. 2018). Acoustic comparison with its sister species Pseudopaludicola coracoralinae sp. nov. and P. facureae are indistinguishable in external morphology, but the new species was recovered as a sister species of P. facureae + P. atragula (Fig. 3). Furthermore, the RF multivariate approach applied to morphometric data indicated a broad overlap between the two partitions (Fig. 7 A���B), with a considerable classification error (Table 5). In relation to three species of Pseudopaludicola that share the trilled advertisement call pattern (P. hyleaustralis, P. facureae and P. canga), P. facureae is the one with the most similar call to that of P. coracoralinae sp. nov. The trait of notes per minute distinguishes the new species (1485���2077 notes per minute) from P. canga and P. hyleaustralis (368���1286 notes per minute; combined values, Table 1; see Carvalho et al. 2015a). The RF multivariate analysis on acoustic data indicated a complete segregation between P. coracoralinae sp. nov. and P. facureae, without any classification error (Table 5; Fig. 7C). Notes per minute (P. coracoralinae sp. nov. 1796 �� 123 (1485���2077) vs P. facureae 1383 �� 192 (512���1843)), number of series per call (P. coracoralinae sp. nov. 3 �� 1 (2���6) vs P. facureae 10 �� 6 (4���20)) and number of notes per series (P. coracoralinae sp. nov. 29 �� 16 (7���116) vs P. facureae 17 �� 18 (2���93)) were the main sources of variation in both variable importance measurements (Fig. 7D). In addition to these abovementioned traits, we found differences (P ��0.01) between these two species in note duration, internote interval, series of notes duration, interseries interval and dominant frequency. Phylogenetic inference and genetic distances of the new species Pseudopaludicola coracoralinae sp. nov. was recovered as a sister species of the P. atragula + P. facureae clade (Fig. 3). Uncorrected genetic distance between the P. coracoralinae sp. nov. and P. atragula was 4.5% (mean value), and from P. facureae, it was 4.9% (mean value). The maximum intraspecific distance was 0.4% (Supplementary file 2). No molecular data are available for P. ceratophyes, P. hyleaustralis and P. ibisoroca; however, the new species is easily diagnosed from these species by morphology and acoustics (see further details in Differential diagnosis section). Natural history notes Males of the new species were found calling in a partially flooded open area surrounded by a newly planted cornfield (corn stalk Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider, 1799) and Physalaemus marmoratus (Reinhardt & L��tken, 1862) at its type locality. Curiously, the congener Pseudopaludicola mystacalis was observed about 50 meters in a similar partially flooded open area surrounded by the same cornfield. We heard and observed only P. mystacalis at this site, not P. coracoralinae sp. nov. Distribution Pseudopaludicola coracoralinae sp. nov. is known only from the type locality (Fig. 1). However, we are aware of other populations that have trilled advertisement calls similar to those of P. coracoralinae sp. nov. and P. facureae. These populations occur in Limeira do Oeste, MG (Andrade & Carvalho 2013); Goian��sia, Piracanjuba and in the Altamiro de Moura Pacheco State Park, all in GO, Brazil (Guimar���es et al. 2001; Carvalho et al. 2015a; Ramalho et al. 2018). Goian��sia is about 180 km northeast from the type locality of P. coracoralinae sp. nov., Piracanjuba is about 100 km southeast and the Altamiro de Moura Pacheco State Park is about 80 km northeast. Limeira do Oeste is closer to the type locality of P. facureae, about 250 km east. However, the specific identities of these populations will only be confirmed when their genetic information is available because they are morphologically and acoustically cryptic.
Published as part of Andrade, Felipe Silva de, Haga, Isabelle Aquemi, Lyra, Mariana L��cio, Carvalho, Thiago Ribeiro de, Haddad, C��lio Fernando Baptista, Giaretta, Ariovaldo Antonio & Toledo, Lu��s Felipe, 2020, Reassessment of the taxonomic status of Pseudopaludicola parnaiba (Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae), with the description of a new cryptic species from the Brazilian Cerrado, pp. 1-36 in European Journal of Taxonomy 679 on pages 13-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.679, http://zenodo.org/record/3934484
{"references":["Carvalho T. R., Teixeira B. F. V., Martins L. B. & Giaretta A. A. 2015 a. Intraspecific variation and new distributional records for Pseudopaludicola species (Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae) with trilled advertisement call pattern: diagnostic characters revisited and taxonomic implications. North-Western Journal of Zoology 11: 262 - 273.","Lynch J. D. 1989. A review of leptodactylid frogs of the genus Pseudopaludicola in northern South America. Copeia 3: 577 - 588. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445483","Lobo F. 1995. Analisis filogenetico del genero Pseudopaludicola (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 9: 21 - 43.","Rivero J. A. & Serna M. A. 1985. Una nueva Pseudopaludicola (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) cornuda del sureste de Colombia. Caribbean Journal of Science 20: 169 - 171.","Cardozo D. & Suarez P. 2012. Osteological description of Pseudopaludicola canga with implications for the taxonomic position of this taxon. 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